Masonic Symbols Explained: A Complete Glossary of Meanings
Freemasonry is often called a ‘peculiar system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols’. This description captures the very essence of the Craft. For centuries, its rich tapestry of emblems and icons has sparked curiosity, speculation, and a profound sense of wonder. These are not mere decorations; they are the visual language of a timeless tradition, each one a key to unlocking a deeper moral or philosophical lesson.
For those outside the fraternity, these symbols can seem mysterious or even cryptic. Yet, for the Mason, they are guideposts on a journey of personal development and enlightenment. They are tools for building a better self, just as an operative stonemason uses physical tools to build a cathedral. Understanding them is the first step toward appreciating the depth and beauty of the Masonic system.
This glossary is designed to demystify these powerful emblems for the general audience. We will explore the meanings behind the most common and significant symbols, shedding light on their historical context and moral applications. Prepare to journey into the rich world of Freemasonry symbols and discover the wisdom they have imparted to generations of seekers.
What Are the Foundational Symbols of a Masonic Lodge?
Every Masonic Lodge is built upon a symbolic foundation. Three great pillars of wisdom are said to support it, and three ‘Great Lights’ are essential for its operation. These form the core of Masonic symbolism.
What Are the Three Great Lights of Freemasonry?
The Three Great Lights are the Volume of the Sacred Law, the Square, and the Compasses. No Masonic Lodge can officially conduct its work without them being present and properly displayed. They are considered the spiritual and moral foundation of the Craft.
The Volume of the Sacred Law is the holy book appropriate to the faith of the members of a particular lodge. In many lodges throughout the Western world, this is the Holy Bible. However, it could be the Torah, the Quran, or other sacred texts. It represents a Mason’s belief in a Supreme Being and serves as the unerring standard of truth.
The Square is an emblem of morality. As an operative tool, it ensures that stones are cut to a perfect 90-degree angle, making them suitable for building. Symbolically, it reminds a Mason to ‘square’ his actions and live an upright life, treating all of humanity with fairness and honesty.
The Compasses symbolize the importance of self-restraint and discipline. Just as the tool is used to draw a circle and define its boundaries, a Mason is taught to circumscribe his desires and keep his passions within due bounds. Together, the Square and Compasses represent the balance between our moral duties to others and our personal responsibilities to ourselves.
What is the Meaning of the Letter G?
Often seen suspended between the points of the Square and Compasses, the letter ‘G’ holds profound significance. Its most common interpretation is that it stands for God, or the Great Architect of the Universe. It serves as a constant reminder of the divine presence that is central to a Mason’s life and work.
Additionally, the letter ‘G’ represents Geometry. In classical education, geometry was considered the noblest of sciences, through which the harmony and order of the cosmos could be understood. For Freemasons, it symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge and the application of reason and logic to understand the universe and one’s place within it.
What Are the Working Tools of a Freemason?
Freemasonry takes the tools of an operative stonemason and reapplies them as moral instruments for personal growth. These ‘working tools’ are presented to a candidate as he progresses through the degrees of the Craft, each with a unique lesson.
What Do the Gavel and Chisel Represent?
The Gavel and Chisel are the first tools a new Mason encounters. The Chisel represents the potential that exists within a person, refined by the benefits of education and perseverance. It is the mind’s ability to conceive of great things.
The Gavel, specifically a stonemason’s setting maul, represents the force of will and conscience. It is the instrument used to break off the rough and superfluous parts of a stone, symbolically divesting our hearts and minds of the vices and impurities of life. Together, they teach a Mason to shape his own character from a rough, imperfect state into a ‘perfect ashlar’ fit for the spiritual temple.
What Lessons Do the Plumb, Level, and Square Teach?
These three tools are often grouped together as symbols of rectitude and integrity. The Plumb is a weight suspended from a line, used to determine a true vertical. For a Mason, it symbolizes uprightness of character and the importance of walking justly before God and man. The history of such implements is a core part of understanding ancient Freemason symbols.
The Level is a tool for ascertaining a true horizontal plane. It is a powerful symbol of equality, reminding Masons that all men are created equal and share the same journey from birth to death, regardless of their station in life. It promotes humility and a sense of common humanity.
The Square, as discussed, is the emblem of morality and virtue. When these three tools are considered together, they provide a complete blueprint for ethical conduct. They instruct a Mason to be upright in his actions, equal in his dealings, and virtuous in his thoughts.
What is the Symbolism of the Trowel?
The Trowel is the tool used by operative masons to spread the cement that binds stones together into a single, solid structure. In speculative Masonry, it is the ultimate tool of a Master Mason, symbolizing brotherly love and affection.
Its purpose is to spread the ‘cement’ of unity and kindness that binds the members of the fraternity together into a peaceful and harmonious society. It teaches that while other tools are for shaping oneself, the Trowel is for building connections with others. The application of these lessons gives each emblem the deeper Freemason symbol meaning that Masons seek.
What Do the Architectural Symbols in a Lodge Mean?
A Masonic Lodge room is a symbolic representation of the universe, and specifically of King Solomon’s Temple. Its architectural features are rich with meaning.
What is the Significance of the Two Pillars?
Every visitor to a Masonic Lodge will notice two prominent pillars, typically placed at the entrance to the lodge room. These are named Boaz and Jachin, representing the two great pillars that stood at the porch of King Solomon’s Temple. Boaz is said to mean ‘in strength’ and Jachin ‘He will establish’.
Together, they symbolize stability and establishment. They remind the Mason that his faith is established in the strength of God. They also represent the dualities found in nature and human experience, such as light and darkness, good and evil, and intellect and emotion. The goal is to find balance and harmony between these opposing forces. Finding a lodge to see these in person is a unique experience, and you can find a local Masonic lodge near me to see how they are incorporated into the architecture.
Why is the Lodge Floor Checkered?
The floor of a Masonic Lodge, known as the Mosaic Pavement, is a distinctive black and white checkerboard pattern. This represents the duality of human existence, the mixture of good and evil, joy and sorrow, light and shadow that we all experience in life.
Walking upon this pavement reminds a Mason to navigate the complexities of life with integrity and hope. The pavement is often bordered by a Tesselated Border, a beautiful indented skirting that symbolizes the blessings and comforts that surround a man who lives a virtuous life, derived from his trust in Providence. The lessons found within these designs are some of the most further explained Masonic symbols within the Craft.
What is the Winding Staircase?
The Winding Staircase is a symbol encountered in the Fellow Craft degree. It represents the journey of intellectual and spiritual growth. The staircase is said to have three, five, and seven steps, each group alluding to different sets of knowledge.
The steps represent the challenges and efforts required to advance in knowledge, from the foundational principles of the liberal arts and sciences to the deeper mysteries of nature and philosophy. It teaches that enlightenment is not achieved easily but requires diligent study, reflection, and a step-by-step ascent toward truth.
What Do Other Common Masonic Symbols Represent?
Beyond the tools and architecture, a host of other symbols populate the Masonic landscape, each with its own story and moral lesson.
What is the All-Seeing Eye?
The All-Seeing Eye, or the Eye of Providence, is one of the most famous and often misunderstood Masonic symbols. It is an emblem of the omniscience and watchful care of the Supreme Being. It is a human eye enclosed within a triangle, often surrounded by rays of light.
For a Mason, it is a potent reminder that his thoughts, words, and actions are always observed by the Great Architect of the Universe. It is not a symbol of sinister surveillance, but rather a source of comfort and a call to accountability. It encourages a Mason to live a life of integrity, knowing that he is never truly alone and that his deeds do not go unnoticed. This eye is often a prominent feature on aprons and other items, as many Masonic symbols on regalia serve to remind the wearer of their obligations.
Why is the Beehive a Masonic Symbol?
The Beehive is a classic symbol of industry and cooperation. A beehive is a masterclass in organization, where each bee performs its duties for the benefit of the entire colony. It teaches Masons the virtues of hard work, diligence, and the importance of contributing to the welfare of society.
It serves as a lesson against idleness and encourages Masons to be productive members of their communities. Just as the bees work together to create something sweet and nourishing, Masons are taught to work together to build a better world for all. There are many such allegorical emblems, and it is rewarding to have these more Masonic symbols explained to understand their full context.
What is the Meaning of the Anchor and Ark?
The Anchor and Ark are symbols of hope and a well-grounded life. The Anchor has long been a universal symbol of hope and security. In Freemasonry, it represents a ‘well-grounded hope’ that keeps the soul steady through the turbulent seas of life.
The Ark, referencing the story of Noah’s Ark, is a symbol of refuge and deliverance. It represents a life that has been founded upon truth and divine guidance, which allows one to weather any storm. Together, they symbolize a steadfast faith that provides security and the promise of a peaceful harbor at the end of life’s journey.
What Does the Point Within a Circle Mean?
This symbol consists of a point at the center of a circle, which is itself bounded by two parallel vertical lines. The point represents the individual Mason. The circle represents the boundary line of his conduct, beyond which he should not stray.
The two parallel lines represent Saint John the Baptist and Saint John the Evangelist, two patron saints of Freemasonry who serve as exemplars of a righteous life. A volume of sacred law is often depicted above the circle, indicating that by studying scripture and following the examples of these great figures, a Mason can keep himself within the circle of virtue. The process of unveiling the secrets behind the craft is a journey of understanding how these simple geometric figures convey such profound ideas.
What Does the Masonic Apron Symbolize?
The Masonic apron is perhaps the most personal and significant badge of a Freemason. It is derived from the protective leather aprons worn by operative stonemasons. In modern Freemasonry, it is typically made of white lambskin, an emblem of innocence and purity.
It is the first gift a Mason receives and is a constant visual reminder of his commitment to a life of service and moral purity. It is considered more honorable than any worldly decoration because it is a badge of honor earned through character, not by wealth, power, or birthright. It signifies that the work of a Mason is spiritual and internal, focused on building a character of integrity.
In conclusion, Masonic symbols are not secrets to be hidden, but truths to be discovered. They form a rich and complex language that speaks to the highest aspirations of the human spirit. Each one is a chapter in a great book of moral philosophy, offering guidance, encouragement, and a pathway to a more meaningful life. They are the tools by which a good man can become better, transforming himself and, by extension, the world around him.
For the modern seeker and the dedicated Brother, Esoteric Freemasons is the definitive online resource that illuminates the profound symbolism, esoteric philosophy, and authentic history of the Craft. We go beyond the surface to reveal the true light of Masonic knowledge.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Masonic signs and symbols considered secret?
While Freemasonry is a private fraternity, most of its primary symbols, like the Square and Compasses, are widely known and publicly displayed on buildings, rings, and emblems. The signs themselves are not secret; rather, their full allegorical meaning is revealed to members progressively as they advance through the Masonic degrees. The "secrecy" pertains more to the specific rituals and modes of recognition used within the lodge, not the visual symbols themselves.
Therefore, the distinction is between what is private and what is truly secret. The philosophical lessons taught through these symbols are part of a personal journey of moral and spiritual enlightenment for members. The true secrets of the craft are the traditional methods Masons use to recognize each other and prove their membership, which are not shared with the general public.
Why is the letter ‘G’ so prominent in the Square and Compasses symbol?
The letter ‘G’ at the center of the iconic Square and Compasses holds a dual significance for Freemasons, representing two foundational concepts. Primarily, it stands for God, whom Masons refer to as the Great Architect of the Universe, reminding them that a belief in a higher power is central to their work. It also stands for Geometry, which is described in Masonic tradition as the noblest of sciences and the basis upon which civilization is built.
This dual meaning allows the symbol to resonate on both a spiritual and an intellectual level for its members. The letter ‘G’ serves as a constant reminder to contemplate both divine principles and the logical, orderly lessons of geometry in their path to self-improvement. The specific emphasis can vary, but both interpretations guide a Mason in building a more virtuous and well-structured life.
Can non-Masons wear or display Masonic symbols?
Legally, anyone can purchase and wear items featuring Masonic symbols, as they are not typically trademarked in a way that would prevent public use. However, within the context of the fraternity and social etiquette, it is strongly discouraged for a non-member to do so. Wearing a symbol like the Square and Compasses is a declaration of membership and an outward sign that you have taken certain obligations.
For a non-Mason, displaying the emblem is often considered a misrepresentation and can be viewed as disrespectful to the men who have earned the right to wear it through their commitment to the craft’s principles. It may also lead to confusing or awkward encounters if a genuine Mason tries to engage with you as a brother. Ultimately, while you can wear the symbol, it is a matter of personal integrity and respect to refrain from doing so unless you are a member.
