Masonic Symbols Explained: A Complete Glossary of Meanings
From the cornerstones of ancient temples to the emblems on modern buildings, Masonic symbols have captured the human imagination for centuries. They are a source of intrigue, speculation, and profound meaning, representing a visual language that speaks to the core tenets of one of the world’s oldest fraternities. To the uninitiated, they may seem like a cryptic code, but to a Freemason, they are guideposts on a lifelong journey of moral and intellectual development.
This rich tapestry of imagery is not meant to be secret or exclusionary. Instead, it serves as a method of teaching complex philosophical ideas through allegory and metaphor. Each emblem, from the simple gavel to the iconic Square and Compasses, is a vessel for a lesson in virtue, ethics, or self-improvement. Understanding these powerful Masonic symbols is the first step toward grasping the deeper philosophical currents that flow through the heart of Freemasonry.
At its core, Masonic symbolism is a system of education. It uses the tools and terminology of ancient stonemasons as allegorical guides for building a better self. Just as an operative mason uses a plumbline to ensure a wall is true, a speculative Mason uses its symbolic meaning to live an upright life. This article will serve as your glossary, demystifying these emblems and revealing the timeless wisdom they contain.
Why Does Freemasonry Use So Many Symbols?
Freemasonry’s reliance on symbolism is rooted in its origins. The fraternity evolved from the guilds of operative stonemasons who built the great cathedrals and castles of Europe. These craftsmen used specific tools and architectural principles, which had both practical and sacred significance. As the fraternity transitioned from operative to speculative Masonry, these tools were adopted as allegorical instruments for moral instruction.
The use of symbols also serves a pedagogical purpose. A symbol can convey a complex idea more efficiently and memorably than words alone. It invites contemplation and personal interpretation, allowing each Mason to connect with the teachings on a deeper, more individual level. This method encourages a journey of discovery rather than the simple memorization of facts.
Furthermore, symbols possess a universal quality that transcends language and culture. A level represents equality and a square represents morality in a way that can be understood by members across the globe. This symbolic language unites a diverse brotherhood under a shared set of principles, creating a common ground for men from all walks of life to meet and engage in the pursuit of self-improvement.
This system allows for layered meanings. A new Mason might see a symbol one way, while a more experienced Brother, having journeyed further through the Masonic degrees, may perceive additional layers of philosophical and esoteric significance. The symbolism grows with the individual, continually offering new light and new lessons.
What Are the Most Common Masonic Symbols?
The world of Masonic symbolism is vast and intricate, with each emblem contributing to a larger philosophical framework. While there are countless symbols used within various Masonic rites and degrees, a core set of images is universally recognized. These form the foundation of Masonic teaching and are the most frequently encountered by the public.
Exploring these primary symbols provides a clear window into the values that Freemasonry seeks to impart. They are not merely decorative but are active tools for contemplation and instruction. Let’s delve into some of the most prominent emblems and uncover the meanings they hold for every Mason.
What is the Meaning of the Square and Compasses?
Undoubtedly the most recognized symbol of Freemasonry, the Square and Compasses is the central emblem of the Craft. It is a composition of two stonemason’s tools, each with a distinct and powerful symbolic meaning. Together, they represent the harmonious balance between the spiritual and the material, the divine and the human.
The Square is an instrument used to test the accuracy of right angles and to ensure that a stone is ‘true’. Symbolically, it represents morality, truthfulness, and honesty. To ‘act on the square’ is a Masonic phrase meaning to deal fairly and justly with all of humanity. It is a constant reminder to measure one’s actions against the standard of virtue.
The Compasses are used to draw circles and arcs, defining boundaries and limits. In Masonic symbolism, they represent the importance of self-restraint and circumscribing one’s passions and desires to keep them within due bounds. It is a lesson in moderation, discipline, and the control of one’s own nature.
Often, the letter ‘G’ is found in the center of the Square and Compasses. This letter has multiple layers of meaning, most commonly representing God, or the Grand Architect of the Universe, who is the central focus of all Masonic work. It also stands for Geometry, the science upon which the art of masonry is founded and a symbol for the logical and orderly nature of the cosmos.
What Does the All-Seeing Eye Represent?
The All-Seeing Eye, often depicted within a triangle and surrounded by rays of light, is another prominent Masonic symbol. While it has been used by many cultures and belief systems throughout history, in Freemasonry it holds a specific and profound meaning. It is a symbol of divine omniscience and watchfulness.
It represents the eye of the Grand Architect of the Universe, a constant reminder to every Mason that his thoughts and actions are observed by a higher power. This is not meant to be a symbol of fearful judgment, but rather one of solace and accountability. It encourages a Mason to live a life of integrity, knowing that his every deed is witnessed and that he is never truly alone.
The triangle enclosing the eye, known as a delta, is a symbol of the deity and represents the divine attributes of omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence. The rays of light emanating from it symbolize the divine light of wisdom and truth spreading to illuminate the path of the Mason.
Why is the Letter ‘G’ So Important?
As mentioned, the letter ‘G’ is a central feature of many Masonic symbols, most notably the Square and Compasses. Its primary interpretation is as a representation of God, whom Masons refer to as the Grand Architect of the Universe. This non-denominational term allows men of different faiths to unite under a shared belief in a Supreme Being.
Beyond its connection to the divine, the ‘G’ also stands for Geometry. In Masonic tradition, Geometry is considered the noblest of sciences and the foundation of civilization. It is through the principles of geometry that the universe was designed and created. For a Mason, studying geometry is an allegorical way of understanding the divine plan and learning to apply its principles of order, harmony, and logic to one’s own life. It is through this lens that many Freemason symbols and their meaning are revealed.
What is the Significance of the Masonic Apron?
The Masonic apron is one of the most important and personally significant items a Mason will ever own. It is often referred to as the ‘badge of a Mason’ and is the first gift a new member receives upon his initiation. Its origins trace back to the protective leather aprons worn by operative stonemasons to shield themselves from rough stones and debris.
In speculative Freemasonry, the apron’s meaning is purely symbolic. It is typically made of white lambskin, a material symbolizing purity and innocence. Wearing the apron is a reminder of the pure heart and noble intentions that should guide every Mason. It signifies that all Masons, regardless of their station in life, are workers engaged in the noble labor of building their spiritual and moral character. Understanding this transformation from a practical tool to a symbolic emblem is key to understanding what is Masonic symbolism.
What Do the Sun and Moon Symbolize?
The Sun and Moon are frequently depicted within a Masonic Lodge, often on either side of the Master’s chair. They represent the great dualities of existence: light and dark, day and night, activity and rest. They symbolize the regularity and precision of the universe, governed by the immutable laws of the Grand Architect.
These celestial bodies also serve to remind the Master of the Lodge that he should govern with impartiality and regularity, just as the sun rules the day and the moon governs the night. Their presence signifies that Masonic work is constant, occurring metaphorically under both the sun and the moon. This duality is a common theme, and more Masonic symbols explained often touch upon these contrasting yet complementary forces.
What Are the Two Pillars, Boaz and Jachin?
Standing at the entrance to every Masonic Lodge are representations of two great pillars, known as Boaz and Jachin. These are modeled after the two bronze pillars that stood at the porch of King Solomon’s Temple, a structure of central importance in Masonic allegory. Their names are Hebrew and carry significant meanings.
Boaz is typically translated as ‘in strength’, while Jachin means ‘to establish’. Together, they suggest that the Temple, and by extension Freemasonry itself, is established in strength. They mark the symbolic threshold a candidate must cross to enter the sacred space of the Lodge, leaving the profane world behind to enter a place of enlightenment and learning. These pillars represent stability and the foundation upon which the Masonic edifice is built. The study of these and other Masonic symbols meanings provides deep insight into the Craft’s philosophical underpinnings.
What is the Blazing Star?
The Blazing Star is another key symbol, often depicted with five points and a radiant glow. It is a multifaceted emblem with several layers of interpretation. On one level, it represents the sun, which illuminates the earth and dispenses its blessings to all. It symbolizes the divine light of truth that should guide a Mason’s path.
On another level, the Blazing Star is an emblem of Divine Providence, guiding the Mason on his journey just as the Star in the East guided the wise men to Bethlehem. It represents the inner light of conscience and intuition that helps one distinguish right from wrong. The star serves as a focal point for contemplation, a symbol of the ultimate truth and enlightenment that Masons seek. For those wishing to explore further, there are many resources where additional Masonic symbols explained are available for study.
What is the Meaning of the Rough and Perfect Ashlars?
The ashlars are two symbolic stones found in a Masonic Lodge. The Rough Ashlar is a stone as it is taken from the quarry, in its natural and unrefined state. It represents man in his ignorant and uncultivated condition, before he has received the benefits of education and self-discipline.
The Perfect Ashlar is a stone that has been shaped, squared, and smoothed by the tools of the stonemason. It represents man who, through the teachings of Freemasonry and his own efforts, has improved his character, subdued his passions, and developed a virtuous and enlightened mind. The journey from the Rough to the Perfect Ashlar is the allegorical work of every Mason. It is a powerful visual metaphor for the process of self-improvement and moral education, and it is among the most important Masonic symbols explained in the Craft.
Why Are the Trowel and Level Important Tools?
While the Square and Compasses are the most famous tools, others like the Trowel and the Level hold deep symbolic value. The Trowel is an instrument used to spread the cement that binds stones together into a single, solid structure. Symbolically, it represents brotherly love and affection, the ‘cement’ that unites the fraternity into a strong and cohesive society.
The Level is a tool used to ensure that a surface is perfectly horizontal. In Freemasonry, it is a potent symbol of equality. It teaches that all men are created equal and that all Masons meet ‘on the level’, without regard to their worldly wealth or status. It is a reminder of our shared humanity and the importance of treating every person with respect and dignity. These universal principles are a cornerstone of the fraternity, and understanding what is Freemasons UK and its global counterparts reveals this shared philosophy.
How Does One Interpret Masonic Symbolism?
Interpreting Masonic symbolism is not like reading a dictionary with fixed definitions. It is a personal and evolving journey. While each symbol has a traditional and established meaning taught within the Lodge, it is also designed to provoke individual thought and contemplation. The symbols are catalysts for introspection.
The meanings are often revealed gradually as a Mason progresses through the degrees of the Craft. Each step of the Masonic journey unveils new layers of meaning, building upon what was learned before. This progressive revelation ensures that the lessons are fully absorbed and integrated into the Mason’s character.
Ultimately, the purpose of Masonic symbolism is not to be memorized, but to be applied. The true interpretation of a symbol is found in how a Mason uses its lesson to live a better life. The Square is not just a symbol of morality; it is a call to act morally. The Level is not just an emblem of equality; it is a mandate to treat all people as equals. The symbols are a blueprint for building a more virtuous and enlightened self.
They are a timeless language that connects modern men to an ancient tradition of wisdom. They are tools for contemplation, guides for conduct, and windows into the profound philosophical heart of Freemasonry. By studying them, we do more than learn about a fraternity; we learn about ourselves and the potential that lies within.
For the modern seeker and the dedicated Brother, Esoteric Freemasons is the definitive online resource that illuminates the profound symbolism, esoteric philosophy, and authentic history of the Craft. We go beyond the surface to reveal the true light of Masonic knowledge.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Masonic symbols intentionally kept secret to hide something?
The perception of secrecy around Masonic symbols stems from a misunderstanding of their purpose. These symbols are not secret in the sense of being hidden, but rather their meanings are private and revealed progressively to members as part of a structured moral education. This method of teaching through allegory and symbolism is designed to make the lessons more personal and impactful for the individual Mason. The goal is to encourage contemplation and self-discovery, not to conceal information from the public.
Many core Masonic symbols, such as the Square and Compasses, are publicly visible and widely recognized. However, the full depth of their allegorical meaning is reserved for members who have taken obligations to study and live by the principles they represent. This is less about secrecy and more about preserving the integrity and meaning of the lessons within the context of the fraternity’s unique system of character development.
Is it disrespectful for a non-Mason to wear or use Freemason logos?
While it is not illegal, wearing or using official Masonic logos as a non-member is generally considered inappropriate and disrespectful by Freemasons. These symbols, particularly the Square and Compasses, are emblems of a member’s commitment to a specific code of conduct and personal journey within the fraternity. To display them without having made that commitment can be seen as a misrepresentation and trivializes the values they signify.
The context of the usage is important, as academic study or historical reporting is viewed differently than someone wearing a Masonic ring to imply an affiliation they do not have. Ultimately, these symbols are held in high regard by members who have earned the right to wear them through their dedication and work. Using them casually without that connection is a sign of disrespect for the organization’s traditions and the profound meaning they hold for its members.
Do the meanings of Masonic symbols change depending on the lodge or country?
The fundamental meanings of core Masonic symbols, like the Square and Compasses or the All-Seeing Eye, are remarkably consistent across the globe. They represent universal principles of morality, truth, and self-improvement that are central to the fraternity. However, slight variations in interpretation and emphasis can exist between different Masonic jurisdictions and rites.
Each Grand Lodge is a sovereign and independent body governing Freemasonry within its specific territory, which can lead to minor differences in ritual and symbolic lectures. For example, the focus on a particular "working tool" or the specific allegorical story used to illustrate a point might differ slightly. These variations do not change the foundational moral lessons but instead reflect the rich and diverse cultural tapestry through which Freemasonry has been transmitted over centuries.
